Étude des problèmes de propagation des maladies fongiques en périmètres céréalier s dans la région d’El -Meniaa (Ghardaïa)

Abstract

Cereals are Poaceae forming a large botanical family. These grasses are attacked by many diseases at different stages of development, These attacks can cause significant losses in production. This work is carried out during the 2018/2019 agricultural campaign in the El-Meniaa region. The purpose of this study is the knowledge of the spread of fungal diseases of cereals. It is based on carrying out field trips and interviews with the farmers concerned in five (05) farms located two in El-Meniaa and three in Hassi El-Gara. At the time of flowering and maturation of durum wheat; diseases were identified on the basis of their typical symptoms and microscopic observation of spores of pathogens after incubation of samples. Prevalence, incidence and severity of attacks were determined for two fungal diseases. Septoria and Fusarium wilt are the most important diseases in durum wheat fields, the situation has been characterized by the predominance of Septoria. The factors of their spread are: the irregularity of the irrigation water, the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers and the severe climatic conditions.