Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a New Ecological Bio-nanocomposite and Study of its Application

Abstract

This study aims to develop therapeutic nanostructured systems using nanotechnology and an environmentally friendly approach that utilizes medicinal plants for nanoparticle synthesis. Green

synthesis of nanoparticles was performed using Rumex vesicarius extract, selected for its well- documented antioxidant and anticancer properties.

In the first application, drug delivery carriers were fabricated using alginate polymer combined with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and were loaded with bioactive substances exhibiting antioxidant, antibiotic, and anticancer properties. The resulting microspheres were designed for sustained release and incorporated different active ingredients, including mastic oil, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. In the second application, nanostructured therapeutic dressings were developed to enhance burn healing and wound closure. This involved the use of Haloxylon spp., a plant known for its regenerative properties and ability to stimulate skin cell proliferation. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from this plant were embedded in an alginate polymer matrix, enriched with mastic oil to boost its healing efficacy. Physicochemical characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–visible spectroscopy. UV–Vis analysis confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles using Rumex extract. XRD and SEM results demonstrated the crystallinity, morphology, and nanoscale dimensions of the ZnO and Ag nanoparticles, along with successful loading of the active compounds. The release behavior of the microspheres was evaluated in reconstituted media at pH 7.4 (simulating colonic conditions), and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Results showed that the plant extracts and their corresponding nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity, which enhanced the performance of the drug delivery beads. Optimal release of mastic oil, vitamin C, and vitamin B12 was observed at pH 7.4. These carriers function as smart systems capable of targeted and sustained drug release. Overall, the eco-friendly nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy and supporting their potential use in both drug delivery systems and wound healing. Moreover, mastic oil/ZnO nanoparticle-loaded beads showed effective controlled release of active compounds and are particularly promising for colon cancer treatment.