Abstract:
This study aims to develop therapeutic nanostructured systems using nanotechnology and an
environmentally friendly approach that utilizes medicinal plants for nanoparticle synthesis. Green
synthesis of nanoparticles was performed using Rumex vesicarius extract, selected for its well-
documented antioxidant and anticancer properties.
In the first application, drug delivery carriers were fabricated using alginate polymer combined with
silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and were loaded with
bioactive substances exhibiting antioxidant, antibiotic, and anticancer properties. The resulting
microspheres were designed for sustained release and incorporated different active ingredients,
including mastic oil, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. In the second application, nanostructured
therapeutic dressings were developed to enhance burn healing and wound closure. This involved the
use of Haloxylon spp., a plant known for its regenerative properties and ability to stimulate skin cell
proliferation. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from this plant were embedded in an
alginate polymer matrix, enriched with mastic oil to boost its healing efficacy. Physicochemical
characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted using scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–visible spectroscopy. UV–Vis analysis confirmed the
formation of silver nanoparticles using Rumex extract. XRD and SEM results demonstrated the
crystallinity, morphology, and nanoscale dimensions of the ZnO and Ag nanoparticles, along with
successful loading of the active compounds.
The release behavior of the microspheres was evaluated in reconstituted media at pH 7.4 (simulating
colonic conditions), and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Results showed that
the plant extracts and their corresponding nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant activity, which
enhanced the performance of the drug delivery beads. Optimal release of mastic oil, vitamin C, and
vitamin B12 was observed at pH 7.4. These carriers function as smart systems capable of targeted
and sustained drug release. Overall, the eco-friendly nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants
demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy and supporting their potential use in both drug delivery
systems and wound healing. Moreover, mastic oil/ZnO nanoparticle-loaded beads showed effective
controlled release of active compounds and are particularly promising for colon cancer treatment.
