UTILISATION DES PRODUITS PHYTOSANITAIRES DANS LA REGION DE GHARDAIA

Abstract

This study investigates the phytosanitary products used in the Ghardaïa region, an area characterized by intensive agricultural activity. The main objective is to evaluate the degradation kinetics of pesticides in soil as a function of time and temperature. The methodology adopted is based on a mixed approach combining data collection from the Directorate of Agricultural Services (DSA) and the Directorate of Environment to identify the phytosanitary products commonly used in the study area, followed by an experimental investigation of the degradation kinetics of two major pesticides, namely malathion and linuron, in agricultural soil collected from the Ghardaïa region. The experiment was conducted under two exposure conditions: direct solar radiation and shaded conditions. The results revealed significant differences in the degradation behavior of the two pesticides. Malathion exhibited a faster degradation rate under direct solar radiation, with an average residual concentration of 13,68% compared with 15.98 %under shaded conditions. In contrast, linuron showed average residual concentrations of 72,72% under direct solar radiation and 39,74% under shaded conditions, highlighting the influence of the chemical properties of each pesticide on its persistence in soil. These findings contribute to a better understanding of pesticide fate in agricultural soils and provide a scientific basis for optimizing pesticide management practices while reducing the risk of environmental contamination.